Yom Kippur Sermon, Saturday, October 12, 2024
By Rabbi Mark Glickman

I have news for you – news that some of you may receive with sadness, and others with great glee: This is the final major sermon I will deliver during this year’s Days of Awe. So far, I have encouraged you to let yourself weep this year, because there’s so much for us to cry about together and as individuals. I’ve called upon you to understand and remain engaged with people who disagree with you about Israel and the current wars it’s fighting with its neighbours. And I’ve called upon you to be curious always because curiosity is so very important.

As a congregation, you have sat through approximately 8,000 words of Glickman sermons during these Days of Awe, and I congratulate you for your stamina.

And I’ll confess, as I prepared to speak this morning, I faced a question that many of my colleagues and I face as we prepare for Yom Kippur morning: What’s left to say? I feel so talked out – so emptied out on this fast day. Is it possible that I’ve just run out of words?

I sat before the computer as I asked those questions during recent days, and the cursor on the blank page in front of me blinked and blinked and blinked, as if to say, Glickman, you’re done, you’ve already said it all, just give it up and let them get to that closing song a little earlier. (Spoiler alert: That’s not gonna happen.)

Of course, mine haven’t been the only words you’ve heard during these Awesome Days. You’ve also heard countless words from other congregants and from the treasure of our Yom Kippur liturgy. We’ve prayed for forgiveness. We’ve faced up to our shortcomings. We’ve acknowledged how limited our power really is in the presence of an awesome God.

And this year, we’ve reflected on these themes amidst the din of a world exploding. There is horrible, violent international conflict raging; there is growing hate here in Calgary and throughout the west; there has been controversy – bitter controversy – here in our own synagogue. There are tensions and struggles in our own families and with some of our closest friends. This has been a loud year – a year of bombs, screaming, and cacophonous discord that makes it difficult to hear anything good.

Weeping, speaking and listening, curiosity, our own imperfections, atonement, the limitations of our power over much of anything. We’ve looked at it all. What more is there to say?

I’ve spent hours thinking about that lately, and eventually, I came to a conclusion: I think I have said what I’ve wanted to say this year. But as I sit with you amid the dizzying vortex of all these lessons and realities, I find that all these themes seem to be swirling around one central idea – a value that comes out of so much of what we have been thinking about these days. The theme is one that our liturgy has mentioned in passing, but it’s so present in so much of what we’ve been focusing on this year, that I’d like to lift it up and highlight it now in this final Days of Awe sermon for this year. The theme all comes down to one word: humility.

The world, our people, our families, and our lives, would all be better if we could all learn to show a little more humility.

I think that’s what I’ve been trying to say during all of these sermons throughout these Days of Awe. And, more important, I think that’s what our liturgy is trying to tell us, and what our Torah is trying to tell us, and, while it may not be very humble for me to say this, I’ll suggest that this might even be what God is trying to tell us at this time, too. We need to be humble.

Especially at times such as these, humility doesn’t tend to come very easily to us. When we feel attacked, we want to show strength. When we see something wrong taking place, we want to fight against the injustice. When we’re angry, we want to lash out. All of these responses are natural and very human responses, and indeed they are important. There are indeed bad things happening in the world, and as a people committed to justice, we need to speak out – loudly sometimes – and fight for what we know is right.

But the problem is that speaking out and fighting can often lead to conceit. Speaking out and fighting, you see, is something you do when you know you’re right and the other guy is wrong. But there are moments – you’ve had them, and I’ve had them too – when we’ve gotten into some sort of argument or discussion sure that we are in the right, only to later realize that we weren’t. Think about your political views now compared to what they were during previous stages in your life. My guess is that you’ve changed, that you’ve grown, that the certainties of years past have given way to other ideas as you’ve matured.

I’ve felt that happen even over the course of the past year. Right after the October 7 attacks, I, like many of us, screamed out at the brutality of what had just happened. And I was right to do so. I knew that Israel would have to fight back against Hamas, and I wasn’t really in the mood to engage in discussions that would call any of my certainties into question.

But then the war started. And then it dragged on. And then the bodies of hostages started turning up. And Palestinian civilians were killed. And Israeli soldiers were killed. And I saw Israel, a country I love, terrorized by the continued attacks. And whereas right after October 7 I wanted to scream, I increasingly found myself wanting to cry. And I found myself wanting to think. And I found myself needing wisdom and comfort. Our community hosted speakers, and some just kept on screaming. And Israel’s enemies here in Calgary keep screaming at us. And as the din grows louder, I find myself wanting to say, ” Everyone, please quiet down. Let’s talk. Let’s listen. Let’s learn from each other, and let’s cry together.”

Weeping, curiosity, atonement. Is it not the case that humility is where these three values and others meet?

Judaism has long called upon us to be humble in all that we do. We see it in today’s Torah portion. It’s set at Mount Sinai, and the Torah could have said, ” You are standing today before Adonai your God.” But it didn’t say that. Instead, it says, “You are standing today, all of you, before Adonai your God – your tribal heads, elders, men, women, and children, water drawers and woodchoppers.” Judaism – pursuing our destiny and making the world right – isn’t just about you. It’s partly about you, of course, but the Jewish experience is something that we share. Rich and poor, powerful and meek, clever and simple, old and young, we all stood before God at Sinai. It is an experience that wouldn’t have been possible without all of us there.

It’s not just about you. It’s about us all. It’s about all of us, and we need to make room for other people, other views, other perspectives. The rabbis say that humility is one of the primary ways that we can achieve the truth of the Torah. We are commanded not only to pray but to pray with koved rosh, heaviness of head. Don’t go into your encounters with the Divine so proud and strong, be humble, and then your prayers will be answered. Jacob and Esau, the rabbis teach, were only able to reunite and mend their broken relationship because of Jacob’s humility. Later, in the Talmud, the rabbis teach that, as a rule, when Hillel and his rival Shammai argue, Hillel’s view is the one that holds. Why? Because Hillel was the humbler of the two sages. And the sages went on to say that it was this very humility – the humility of Hillel – that brought our entire people under the wings of God’s presence.

Even God is humble, our tradition teaches. Before God created the world, Rabbi Isaac Luria taught, that God’s presence filled everything – everything that existed was God. As a result, to create the world, God had to contract. God became smaller so that the rest of us and the rest of the world could come into existence.

I’ll say that again: God became smaller so that the rest of us and the rest of the world could come into existence.

Later, when God created humanity, the Torah has God saying “Let us make man in our image.” Our sages wondered who God was speaking to, and one answer they suggested was that God was consulting with the angels. Even God, as great as God is, took the time to consult with others before taking the big step of creating our world.

And on Pesach, Passover, what are we supposed to avoid? Chametz – leavened stuff. We avoid it, of course, because our ancestors didn’t have time to let their bread rise when they left Egypt, but we also avoid it, the rabbis teach, because leavened stuff represents sin. After all, most of our misdeeds, they teach, happen when we, like bread, get puffed up – too big for ourselves and too big for the good of the world.

I could cite many more texts, but you get the point. The welfare of the world depends on our ability to keep ourselves in check. We must be humble.

Please, I beg you, keep this in mind in the year ahead. Show as much humility as you can. Remember that everyone and everything has something to offer, and something to teach. So, when you argue, argue not to win, but to learn. Listen before talking. Ask lots of questions. Find the truth that your interlocutors can teach you. Give them the benefit of the doubt. And when they make you angry, don’t get angry at them, get curious, instead.

Please, in the year ahead, show as much humility as you can. Like God, step back and withdraw sometimes rather than always making yourself big. For the greatest people are those who leave room for others, rather than pushing them out of the way.

Please, in the year ahead, show as much humility as you can. Don’t always ask what’s best for you as an individual. Ask instead how you can contribute to the greater good. We need you to do that.

Please, in the year ahead, show as much humility as you can. Remember that even when you’re great, you’re also imperfect. That’s why we’re here today – to acknowledge and atone for those areas in which we’ve fallen short. Al cheit shechatanu l’fanecha ...for the sins we have committed before you. You might be good, but you can always be better.

Please, in the year ahead, show as much humility as you can. Try not to yell so much, for there is already too much yelling in the world, and when you yell, you just make yourself hoarse, and the rest of us are deaf, and then we can’t communicate at all. Sometimes, it’s the quietly spoken word that comes across best. Sometimes a whisper can drown out a scream. And sometimes, listening can be even more powerful than that.

I’m not suggesting, of course, that you become a doormat. No, instead, my suggestion is just the opposite. Find the true power of transformation in the art of shrinking. Sometimes when you shrink, you help other people grow, and their growth in the end helps you grow, too.

And please don’t respond by saying what I often hear people say after some of my sermons, ‘”Yes, Rabbi, that’s telling them.” I am speaking to them, of course, but I’m also speaking to you. And, of course, as in all my sermons, I’m also speaking to myself.

I dream of a world with more humility – of a world where we can work together for the shared good rather than only for ourselves; of a world where we listen before we attack; of a world where we try to find the good in others, even and especially the people who make us angry; of a world where each of us honours everyone else by acknowledging that their truths, their stories, and their experiences matter just as much if not more than our own.

Imagining that world helps me breathe easier. A world like this can come to be. Our humility will make it a more peaceful world. Quieter. Calmer. More respectful.

Tears, atonement, listening, curiosity. Al chet shechatanu l’fanecha. O God, we are not perfect. We have sinned. We have grown too large. Let us step down a bit, contract a bit, listen a bit more and be a little bit more kind. For it is in the sacred act of humility that true salvation can be found.

Shanah Tovah.

Kol Nidre Sermon, Friday, October 11, 2024
By Rabbi Glickman

Let me tell you about an evening you had not too long ago. It was that night when you got together with a friend of yours for dinner. When you first saw your friend, he greeted you warmly, you sat down at the table, you asked him how he was doing, he rolled his eyes, and he told you about a hassle he had had at the pharmacy that day. He then told you about how things were going at work, about what his kids were up to, about his family’s recent trip to Quebec, and about some trips to Quebec his parents took him on when he was a kid, and about an argument he had with an American friend who insisted upon calling that province “Kwi-beck,” and about how that American friend didn’t even know the meanings of simple and obvious words like toque and parkade. You laughed, and your friend told you that he was going to the Folkfest in a couple of months, that he was working on getting Taylor Swift tickets in LA for his daughter, and that if you hadn’t yet seen the TV show The Bear, you absolutely needed to go home and watch it starting tonight. He told you a good joke or two, glanced at his watch, and apologized because he had to go. You split the check, and both headed to your cars.

Driving away, you realized that it was a pleasant enough evening, but there was something missing. You couldn’t quite put your finger on what it was, but whatever it was, it left you feeling kind of exhausted. Depleted, even. What was it? Your friend was certainly pleasant, and his stories were mildly entertaining, it was nice to hear about what was going on in his life.

So, what was it that had you feeling so empty when dinner is supposed to leave you feeling so full.

Then, you realized what it was. During the entire meal – all 93 minutes of it – your friend didn’t ask you a single question about yourself. Instead, he spent the entire time holding forth about himself. He was entertaining enough, and he certainly didn’t act in any way that was unkind or even unpleasant. It’s just that…he didn’t seem very interested in you. You never would have wanted to be the only center of focus in that conversation, but a little give-and-take would have been nice. And after an hour and a half, one-sided discussions like that can get kind of tiring.

Of course, unlike in the story as I told it, maybe your friend was a woman rather than a man because women can fall into this trap just as easily as men can. Or maybe I got the genders right, only I told it backwards, and you were the one who carried on at such length.

Whatever the details, I think you’ll agree that the kind of conversation I just described is a common one in our world, and it probably always has been. When we’re the ones drawing such exclusive attention to ourselves, maybe it’s because we feel a need for affirmation, and we think that a good, amusing zinger of a story or an anecdote will make us more entertaining and likeable. To an extent, that’s sometimes true, of course. But sometimes, when one of those zingers follows another and another and another, the stories can get exhausting.

It seems to me that our world could benefit from an increased dose of curiosity these days.

Conversations at their best provide the participants with opportunities to learn about one another, but so often we converse not to truly engage with others, but only to give those other people the honor of knowing us, with the give and take of meaningful interaction falling away in favour of serial sharing rather than true conversation. So often, instead of engaging in real dialogue with others, we talk, and then we simply wait our turn until we can talk again. In the media, particularly in politics, TV interviewers often fail to show genuine curiosity, too, with their interviews becoming not occasions to learn the stories and motivations of their subjects, but simply opportunities to find that “gotcha moment,” catching their subject in some sort of embarrassing or trouble-making gaffe.

But my guess is that you’ve also experienced the opposite. There have been times when you’ve really engaged in conversation with another individual or group – when there’s been true give-and-take, when you’ve listened to one another, making sure you understood one another’s perspectives, and they’ve done the same for you. I would also hazard a guess that you know some people who are genuinely curious about you: who ask you questions, real questions – not just “Where are you from?” and “What do you do?” but questions that help them get to know you as a person. “What do you think about this situation in the news?” “What is it that you find meaningful and enjoyable about your job?” “How have you been doing lately? And please don’t just say ‘Fine, thank you,’ because I really want to know.” And if your experience is anything like mine, there is something you love about spending time with these people, because people like these – simply by expressing interest in who you are as a person – are affirming, vitalizing, and energizing beyond words. Compare how you feel after having spent an hour with one of these genuinely interested people with how you feel after having spent an hour or two with the self-absorbed friend I described a few minutes ago – my guess is that those feelings are as different as night and day.

So, my message to you tonight is one that you probably already know, but it’s one that bears repeating because we forget it. Curiosity – especially curiosity about other people – especially curiosity about other people with whom we interact – is one of the most important human traits of all.

Judaism has taught the value of curiosity for centuries. Our tradition, of course, values wisdom as one of the greatest of all human traits. Soldiers, kings, and philanthropists – they’re all important at times in Judaism. But for many centuries, we Jews have attributed the primacy of place in our culture to the chacham – the wise person, the sage, the scholar. Being wise is the most important trait of all. And how do you get wise? The Talmud teaches us explicitly: V’eizehu chacham? Halomeid mikol adam. “Who is truly wise?” the Talmud asks. “The one who learns from all people.”

Think about that. Every person has something to teach us. And if we have any aspirations of true wisdom, it’s important that we learn their lessons. It’s so tempting to just tell others our own stories sometimes, and sometimes our stories can be fun or even helpful to the people with whom we share them. But as you hold forth, it might be a good idea to remember that that person you’re telling them to has inside them truths that you need to learn. And the longer you hold forth, the longer it will be until you can learn from them.

Instead of just talking at them, instead of just telling your stories, maybe it would behoove you to express some interest in the stories that they have to tell, in the wisdom that have to teach. That wisdom might not always be readily evident – some people do a really good job of hiding it – but it’s there, and it’s waiting for you to uncover it.

That’s why I love studying Torah with you. Those of you who don’t come to Saturday morning services at Temple… you should come to Saturday morning services at Temple.  And that’s because not only do we have meaningful worship experiences every week, but also because each week, we study Torah together. Theoretically, I guess, since I’m the rabbi, I’m supposed to be the one doing the teaching. But usually, I find myself doing far more learning than teaching in these Torah discussions. I’ve been in this business for more than 34 years now. I’ve studied every one of these weekly Torah portion hundreds of times, I think. And every week, the people with whom I worship and study right here in this room teach me things that I hadn’t known or hadn’t seen before. Mikol m’lamdai hiskalti, the Psalmist remarks – from all of my students I have learned. Learning your wisdom has been one of the greatest blessings of my rabbinate.

But I’m not the only one who has such learning opportunities. The people sitting around you – indeed everyone you know – have so much to teach. What a shame it would be to let their lessons go unlearned.

One group of people with whom I like to do this outside of Temple are Uber drivers. There I am on those rides, spending several minutes or more with a person I’ve never met, and it’s usually a person whose background and life story are very different from my own (there aren’t too many 61-year-old rabbis working as Uber drivers). From Uber drivers, I’ve learned what it’s like to grow up on a canola farm in Southern Alberta, and what the significance can be for an African American to attend a historically black college or university in the United States. I’ve learned about Sikh practices in Punjab, and heard tales of surviving the horrors of genocide in Rwanda. I’ve learned why people move to Calgary from all over the world, and been inspired by fascinating life stories of all kinds. It can drive Caron crazy, and sometimes she needs to rein me in because admittedly I can get a little too …enthusiastic in my questioning from time to time. But still, asking people to tell you their stories can yield awesome and transformative results. And the more you do it, the more transformed as a person you can become.

“Why did God create the world?” the rabbis asked. “Because God loves stories.” And if human stories are good enough for God, then I humbly suggest they can be good enough for us, too.

To the rabbis, the ultimate source of wisdom is the Torah. God created the Torah, they taught, with fifty gates – fifty entry-points through which we can get to its truths. To the rabbis, the wisest man ever was Moshe Rabbeinu – Moses our teacher. He could access the Torah more effectively than any of us. And how many gates of the Torah were open to Moses? Forty-nine were. Moses was great enough to get at a lot of the truth, but even a person as wise as he was couldn’t get at it all. To learn fully, even someone as wise as Moses needs help. And that’s where other people come in. Only together, can we learn all that we need to know.

But this, my friends, is only half the story. Because it’s not just that listening to others can help us. Taking an active interest in other people, and asking to hear their stories, is one of the greatest gifts we can give them. You know this. When someone takes an interest in you; it feels affirming; it makes you feel seen, it elevates you.

I have a friend named Matthew who I love spending time with. And one of the many reasons I love spending time with Matthew is that he’s a great interviewer. Matthew, you see, was trained as a journalist, and even though he’s not working in that field now, he is still such a … journalist. In fact, Matthew cut his journalistic teeth as a reporter for small-town newspapers in the rural American hinterland. There, he’d go to a City Planning Commission meeting, and listen to an hourlong discussion about whether to put a left-turn lane into the intersection between Rt. 42 and Elm St., and then he’d have to write an interesting article about it. Matthew became an expert in talking to people about why these things mattered to them. He got them to tell their stories, to share what it was that made them tick. And now, all these years later, it’s a skill he still has. He asks questions, and he does so in a way that reminds people how interesting they are, and how fascinating their stories can be.

Our congregation is a member of the Calgary Alliance for the Common Good, an organization in our city that is committed to just this – listening to people’s stories, finding out what matters to them, and acting upon it.  And in the process, they’ve enriched the life of our city – back in the old days, they advocated for the expansion of the Green Line, for support to Calgarians with mental health needs, and for net-zero carbon emissions, and much more. They listen to people’s stories, they translate those stories into policy agendas, and they gather together in grass roots efforts to advocate for those agendas – often successfully. Such can be the power of simply listening to one another’s stories.

But you know how important listening to other people’s stories can be because you know what it’s like when people take an interest in you. One of the greatest gifts that you can give another individual is the simple gift of taking an interest in them as human beings. Ask questions. Have them teach you what you don’t know. Probe them for their thoughts. And through it all, make it genuine. Because when you do that, you help humanize them, and you lift them up.

And if you doubt the value of it, all I’ll say is that those Uber drivers have given me a rating of 4.94 out of five. Beat that!

We all can be so self-centred at times. It’s understandable because holding it all together can be difficult, and when things get hard, we tend to turn toward our own, individual needs. But our tradition invites us to be more than that and to engage in what Rabbi Abraham Joshua Heschel described as acts of self-transcendence – to look beyond ourselves and into the eyes of others.

It’s so simple and so powerful. Just ask people about their lives. Ask for their opinions. Ask for their perspectives. It can help you. It can transform them. And the fact that it can make for a pretty good Uber rating doesn’t hurt, either.

True curiosity, and genuine interest in other people and what they can teach you, can benefit you, affirm them, and, when practiced widely enough, help bring us to genuine redemption.

Shanah Tovah.

Rosh Hashanah Morning Sermon, October 3, 2024
By Rabbi Mark Glickman

In case you didn’t know, Temple B’nai Tikvah is a very diverse community. And while we often have a tendency to connect most readily with people who are similar to ourselves, chances are that even right now, within a few feet of you sit people who are really different from you – different ages, genders, careers, sexual orientations, tastes in clothing and music, countries of birth, family situations…and, yes, a few of them might even have different political views than yours. Some of these people you know, some of them you don’t, and many of them you think you know, but really don’t.

To the extent that we don’t know one another as well as we could, today I’d like to take one small step in remedying this. I’d like to introduce you to two members of our congregation whom I think you all should get to know as well as you can. Getting to know one another, as you know, is one of the most important things we can do to strengthen our Temple community.

First, meet Robert. Robert is 65-years-old and grew up in Montreal. Coming of age in the 60s and 70s, Robert is very much a Boomer – even though he was born a decade-and-a-half after World War II ended, the reality of that war and its aftermath defined the contours of his young life in a host of different ways. Growing up, he heard stories about what happened during the war. He remembers his grandparents’ eyes welling up as they told stories of friends and family members who didn’t make it out. And he remembers that some of the grownups around him – Abe the barber, Mrs. Rosenthal who ran the corner grocery store, and some of his parents’ friends – had these strange numbers tattooed on their arms. It wasn’t until he grew older that he understood why. Throughout it all, Robert became aware of this huge world that had come to an end just before he came onto the scene. He enjoyed some vestiges of that lost world – the food, the music, the humour, and some stories – but still, he saw that sitting on the timeline of history just before he was born was a huge black hole of loss and suffering.

Robert’s parents – and indeed the Jewish world as a whole – instilled in Robert with good reason an awareness that the world is not a safe place for Jews. And it wasn’t just the Holocaust that proved it. Contemporary reality bore that out, too. When Robert was in school, he learned that Jews in the Soviet Union weren’t free like he was and that what caused their oppression was the fact that they were Jewish. Also, there were country clubs his family couldn’t join even if they could have afforded it, simply because his family was Jewish. Robert remembers watching the 1972 Munich Olympics when he was 13, and following with horror the story of the murdered Israeli athletes, yet another testimony to the fact that the world was an unsafe place for the Jewish people.

And yet, throughout it all, there was something that brought hope to the Jews in Robert’s world – the existence of the State of Israel. If the Holocaust was the big black hole just behind Robert on the timeline of Jewish history, Israel represented the light ahead. To Robert and his contemporaries, Israel was a country built in many ways out of the ashes of European Jewry. To them, Israel was a country that, for once, wouldn’t allow its Jews to be subjected to the whims of history; instead, it would have an army. It would defend itself, defend the Jewish people, and be a safe haven for any Jewish community in peril. Yes, the world was a dangerous place for Jews, but Israel represented the promise of safety and security not only for its own citizens but for Jews everywhere.

There was a little blue box on the kitchen counter where Robert’s family put coins to support rebuilding and reforesting the land. He learned about Israel at his temple’s religious school. Every year on Yom Haatzmaut – Israeli Independence Day – the congregation had a huge celebration. They played Israeli music, ate felafel, and danced Israeli folk dances – it was great.

As a kid, Robert learned that he had some cousins who lived in Jerusalem, and one summer, they came for a visit. He was amazed – his cousins went to school on Sundays in Israel, but on Yom Kippur, everything closed down. His cousins spoke fluent Hebrew, and called their parents Imma and Abba – Robert loved it.

In high school, Robert was able to spend a summer in Israel – he saw the historic sites of this magical ancient land, and he met the people who lived there. He knew that his new Israeli friends would all go into the army to defend it within a few years, and that scared him. But Israel was a sunny place, with green, growing fields, and a robust, modern Jewish society. He didn’t live there, but he loved it.

Robert wasn’t naïve enough to think that it was all simple, of course. He knew that Israel was also a country riven with strife and danger of all kinds – both internal and external. But for Robert, the existence of the state of Israel represented Jewish safety, the Jewish future, and the unique possibility for a Jewish life that was strong and vibrant. Jewish victimhood and modern antisemitism were problems – Israel was a huge part of the solution.

When Robert became an adult, he continued to feel that close connection with Israel. He travelled there with his family; he donated to Israel-related charities; he followed news stories about Israel with keen interest whenever they appeared.

Whenever there was a war in Israel, or whenever there was a terrorist attack, Robert’s heart broke. Israel wasn’t just any country, it was his country, even if he didn’t live there. To Robert, an attack on Israel was an attack on him – his own future, his own people, his own family.

And last year, in the wake of the October 7 attacks, Robert’s first response was clear – kill the bastards! He didn’t want innocent Gazans to suffer, of course, but he had no such compunction about the Hamas terrorists. Hamas had brutally murdered more than 1200 innocent Israelis, its thugs had raped Israeli women, and killed Israeli children, and triumphantly posted videos of these atrocities online. They needed to be destroyed at any cost, and the hostages needed to be freed. And if innocent Gazans needed to die in the process, well, that blood was in the hands of Hamas, not in the hands of Israel, for Israel needed to defend itself.

Robert has calmed down a little bit since then. He’s become uneasy about the extent of the killing in Gaza, and deeply concerned about the escalating violence in the north. Still, when he sees his fellow Canadians – especially his fellow Canadian Jews – opposing the very right of Israel to go to war at this time of peril, it cuts him to the quick. To Robert, questioning Israel’s right to defend itself is an attack not only on his people but also on his own safety in this dangerous world. How could anyone say such things? And how, especially, could any Jews?

***

Not everyone in our congregation shares Robert’s worldview, of course – some of us see things differently. That’s why, this morning, I’d also like you to meet Jessica.

Jessica is thirty years old, she grew up in Toronto, and she moved here to Calgary as a university student in 2012. When she was coming of age in the 90s and early-aughts, Judaism was something very different for her than it had been for Robert when he was growing up. Jessica grew up during a time when Nazi atrocities and Soviet oppression were the stuff not of direct Jewish experience, but of history books. Yes, like Robert, Jessica learned about the Holocaust, but it had become more of a distant memory for her and her contemporaries than it had been for Robert. Jessica learned a lot about Israel, too. She attended a Reform Jewish summer camp, and every year some of her counselors were young Israelis who came over as sh’lichim – emissaries – to run Israel programming. Like Robert, Jessica also went to Israel, but by the time she came along, she didn’t have to pay for the trip – she went on a Birthright Israel program for free. When she got there, the country that she saw was not a scrappy, imperilled young country on the rise, it was an established, prosperous democracy – sometimes attacked, often conflicted, but on the whole, doing pretty well.

In fact, there was a great deal about Jessica’s Jewish upbringing that differed from Robert’s. You see, many of Robert’s teachers had presented Robert and his classmates with a Jewish “diet” of topics such as the Holocaust, Israel, and Soviet Jewry. Robert studied Torah and holidays and other Jewish topics, too, but the overwhelming emphasis of Judaism as Robert learned it was on particularistic Jewish concerns – the challenge of Jewish survival, the obligations we have to our people, and the things that make us different.

Those are all important lessons, of course, but as time went on, they failed to keep many of Robert’s peers engaged. This Judaism was too particularistic for them, and its lack of universal values didn’t provide them the transcendent meaning they needed.

So, the Jews of Robert’s generation who stayed fed their children – Jessica and her contemporaries – a very different Jewish diet. When Jessica was growing up, the main focus of her Jewish learning was its universal values. She learned that Judaism teaches that each human being is created b’tzelem Elohim, in the image of God. She learned about pikuach nefesh – the Jewish mandate to save a human at almost any cost. She learned that, as Jews, we are called to perform tikkun olam – repair our broken world however we can. To the Reform Jews of Jessica’s generation, in other words, Judaism was first and foremost about creating a kinder world, about respecting the ultimate sanctity of every human life, and about appreciating people as people regardless of race, creed, or ethnicity. For Jessica, the central challenge of being Jewish in Canada wasn’t about the need to guarantee Jewish survival. It was about these powerful universalistic Jewish values, instead.

Jessica, too, was horrified, too, by what she saw on October 7, but what happened on October 8 and afterwards was equally horrifying, if not more so. In the aftermath of the Hamas attacks, she saw Israel bombing Gazan cities into oblivion, and killing thousands of civilians in the process. Jessica knew that the perpetrators of the October 7 atrocities were the terrorists of Hamas, but she also knew that Israel’s past treatment of the Palestinian people played a role in setting the violent, conflicted context in which those attacks played out.

And yes, Israel needs to defend itself, however much she tried to see things otherwise, Jessica couldn’t reconcile the images of destroyed hospitals and schools and mosques with everything she had been taught to treasure about being Jewish. Self-defence might be one thing. But this? But how could a people who teach of the sanctity of every human life do this? How could a people who value the shared humanity of all people do this? This is Tikkun Olam?

Jessica couldn’t make it all fit. So, she criticized Israel. She called for a ceasefire. And she spoke out on behalf of Palestinian national aspirations. And even though she didn’t dare say so out loud – certainly not in Jewish circles – she quietly questioned whether she could even call herself a Zionist.

***

Robert and Jessica are both prototypes, of course, and real people usually don’t fit into such neat cubbyholes. There are Roberts who are female, and Jessicas who are male. Some Roberts and Jessicas feel a little differently or not as strongly as the ones I’ve described here. And while there is certainly a generational dimension to these divisions, there are also Roberts who are younger and Jessicas who are older.

But Robert and Jessica are real, and their Jewish identities are different, and they are both members of our congregation. And their views about Judaism and Israel in this post October 7 world of ours differ so greatly from one another that sometimes they can’t even speak with one another about it.

I have spoken with both Robert and Jessica at great length in recent months, and I want you to know that they are both in pain. Robert sees Jessica criticizing a wounded and imperiled Israel, and can’t fathom how she could do such a thing – especially now. And Jessica sees Robert standing by as Jews, in the name of being Jewish, kill thousands of innocent civilians, and wonders what ever happened to the great, universal Jewish values that she holds so dear.

And what’s worse, Robert sees so many Jessicas, and Jessica sees so many Roberts, that both of them feel alone and isolated, wondering how it is that their Jewish community has betrayed its core values and left them behind.

And I want to tell you something else. The Judaism of both Robert and Jessica are expression of authentic and time-honoured Jewish values. Robert’s concern for the unique destiny of his people, for the safety and security of our brothers and sisters in our ancient homeland, and for the strength and stability of the Jewish state is rooted in the very foundational texts of our people, and we’ve defended those concerns for millennia. Jewish survival is a Jewish value, and a really important one.

Similarly, the struggle for human rights that is such a concern for Jessica is also an important Jewish value. And of course, we need both sets of values – both the particular and the universal – to be fully Jewish. If we don’t survive as a people, we can’t bring our message of human dignity to the world, whereas if we are only concerned about survival, then we forget why it is that our existence matters in in the first place.

We’ve known this from antiquity. In the Talmud, Hillel taught, “If I am not for myself, who will be for me, but if I am only for myself, what am I.” Jessica, please remember that Robert represents a crucial dimension of Jewish life. And Robert, please remember that Jessica does, too. And both of you, please remember that, to be complete, Judaism needs your counterpart’s values just as urgently as it needs your own.

Of course, we’re not all Roberts and Jessicas. There’s Florence, for example, who thinks that Israel should flatten Gaza – let all the Palestinians flee or be killed. And then there’s Matt, he’s all for Hamas. He hopes they grow stronger so they can wipe the evil Zionist interlopers and their state off the map. But I haven’t mentioned Florence or Matt to you until now because they don’t belong to our congregation, or if they do, they’ve been too ashamed to come forward. In our congregation, all of us, as far as I know, were traumatized by the horrific events of October 7, and all of us are heartbroken at the deaths of Palestinian children. We’re not Florence and Matt. We’re all trying to do what’s right, and despite our many disagreements, we all want the best for Israel and the Middle East. All of us.

So, Robert, Jessica, you do belong here. You are not alone. There are lots of us who agree with you. It’s just hard sometimes, because the community you’ve chosen to join is a diverse one, so there are going to be people here who disagree with you, and neither of you always does the best job of conveying the full reality of where we’re coming from. So, speak with those other people. Listen to them. Share your views – passionately, if you must. Always remember that the people with whom you disagree have something to learn from you, and maybe you just might be able to learn a thing or two from them, as well.

And if that hasn’t persuaded you to stick around, Robert, remember that if you and your camp leave, the next president of our congregation…is going to be Jessica. And Jessica, if you leave, then that leaves Robert.

And let’s be honest about how this is playing out. Most of the large organizations representing the Canadian Jewish community are driven by people who agree with Robert – and that’s even more so the case here than it is in the United States. And when Jessica speaks up, these organizations often try to sideline her. But Robert, you need to hear something: Jessica and the people who agree with her aren’t going anywhere. I’ve been watching this closely; I’ve been listening to young Jews; I’ve been listening to younger rabbinic colleagues of mine – and I can tell you that Jessica and her allies are growing in number, they are coalescing, they are organizing. In the decades to come, the progressive left on issues regarding Israel and Zionism – devoted to human rights, committed to Palestinian national aspirations, and sometimes critical of Israel’s policies and actions – will increasingly become a force to be dealt with.

In response to this, Robert, you have two choices. You can try to cancel Jessica, or you can try to engage her. You can try closing the doors of our Jewish institutions to her and not make any room for her at synagogues and Federations and other Jewish organizations, or you can talk with her, debate with her, and create a meaningful Jewish dialogue.

The choice is yours, but if she wants to talk and you don’t, then you can’t accuse her of being the only divisive one.

There’s one more thing I want to say about this. I’ve been arguing here that both Jessica and Robert’s views are authentically Jewish. But what’s not Jewish as these debates unfold is the effort to quash dissent. To the contrary, we Jews have always treasured arguments. We have always debated, and the vigorous debates have strengthened us! You see, communities that debate a lot – when they really listen to one another and remain engaged with dissenting views – tend to discourage extremism, and that’s good for everyone. Making room for objectionable views, in other words, doesn’t make us weak, it strengthens us.

I’ll give you one concrete example from recent days. The Calgary Jewish Federation is currently planning an important, community-wide observance of the first anniversary of the October 7 attacks. As the emails about the event started to flow, Jessica somehow started whispering into my ear. “It’s just going to be Israeli flag-waving,” she said, “and they’re not going to mention the reality of suffering on the other side.” Immediately, Robert shouted into my other ear. “It’s an October 7 memorial!” he cried. “We need to stand with Israel.”

In response to both of these voices – my inner Jessica and my inner Robert – I sent an email to the Federation asking whether there might be a way, even as we stand in full solidarity with Israel, to also acknowledge the reality of recent Palestinian suffering, too.”

I sent that email off, but a few days later, that inner Robert started bending my ear again. “You know,” he said, “October 7 was a day of Israeli loss and suffering, not Palestinian. The bombs only started falling on Gaza after October 7. Maybe we should keep October 7 about Israeli suffering, and find other opportunities to acknowledge the Palestinian deaths.” So, I sent another email amending my earlier request.

As you can see, I’m still working through this, and still trying to get it right. But the point is that, to the extent that there’s any value whatsoever in my pleas to the Federation, it’s because I’ve got both Jessica and Robert whispering into my ears. When both of them are present and both of them are vocal then I become a better rabbi, and even more important, a better Jew. When both are present and both are vocal, we all become better Jews and we all become better people.

Jessica, Robert, we need you and we need what you bring to the table. Because when you’re both here, our community grows stronger

My friends, this past year has represented the hardest time to be a Jew in living memory for most of us. It’s a time of conflict, and conflict is so hard and so exhausting. But let’s stay at it together. Let’s speak our truths and be humble enough to learn from those with whom we disagree. Let’s listen to Robert, listen to Jessica, listen to each and every one of us in this sacred community. Doing so only makes us stronger as we strive to answer our sacred call as a community.

Shanah Tovah.